Toyota Prius Power Split Device pdf

Prius doesn�t actually have a transmission, because there are no gears and the power carriers are permanently
engaged.  The illustration you see above is a simplified diagram of what Prius has for the transfer of power
instead.  It very closely resembles another component found in all vehicles, a differential.  The only difference
is that there are multiple sources of power, rather than just one; hence the name �Power-Split-Device�.  To
keep references simple, it can be called: �PSD�.
Another reference for this device is a CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission), but it is not type found in
both traditional vehicles and other types of hybrid, called: �Cone & Belt�.  Instead, this CVT is referred to as
the �Planetary� type, due to the orbital movement of the components within.
The entire PSD is remarkably small, only the size of an adult hand�s palm.  Each of the carriers has the ability
to rotate in its own unique way, providing a wide range of power options.  The �Ring� carrier is sometimes
powered by the battery-pack to provide the ability to drive using only electricity (both forward & backward),
allowing the engine to stop running to save gas.  At other times, the �Ring� carrier creates power, regenerating
electricity when you use the brakes.  The �Planet� carrier is powered by the engine, which causes rotation of
both the car�s wheels (for driving forward) and the �Sun� carrier (for generating electricity).  And while the
�Planet� & �Sun� carriers are spinning, the �Ring� carrier can join in to provide additional thrust to the
wheels or to allow engine RPM to be reduced.  Lastly, the �Sun� carrier is also used for starting the engine.

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